Actinomycosis is a chronic disease characterized by multiple abscesses and granulomata, tissue destruction, extensive fibrosis and the formation of sinuses. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Actinomycosis has a worldwide distribution, affects mostly middleaged individuals, and is two to four times more common in. The sputum is usually mucopurulent and contains the sulphur granules characteristic of the infection. Actinomyces is a species of bacteria that normally exists in the oral cavity, intestines and vagina. Actinomyces and related organisms in human infections. Many patients have a history of poor dentition, oral surgery or dental procedures, or trauma to the oral cavity. The disease process is characterized by the formation of abscesses, fibrosis and. It is now a rare infection, particularly in the developed world. Physicians must be aware of typical clinical presentations such as cervicofacial actinomycosis following dental focus of infection, pelvic actinomycosis in women with an intrauterine device, and pulmonary actinomycosis in smokers with poor dental hygiene, but also that actinomycosis. Abdominal actinomycosis clinical microbiology and infection. Actinomycosis is a rare type of bacterial infection. Actinomycosis is a chronic localized or hematogenous anaerobic infection caused by actinomyces israelii and other species of actinomyces. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.
Actinomycete, order actinomycetales, any member of a heterogeneous group of grampositive, generally anaerobic bacteria noted for a filamentous and branching growth pattern that results, in most forms, in an extensive colony, or mycelium. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. However, it can spread from the initial infected area to other parts of the body if illness or injury damages your tissue. Hyphae nonfragmented, aerial mycelium with chains of spores with 5 to 50 or more conidia per chain e. These usually occur secondary to perforating injuries caused by bite wounds or foreign bodies.
A viscosus causes cutaneous actinomycosis in dogs, which appears as localized subcutaneous abscesses. Actinomycosis is usually caused by bacteria called actinomyces israelii. The classification is based on hyphal and reproductive structures. Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease caused by actinomyces species.
Gaffney r, harrison m, walsh m, sweeney e, cafferkey m 1993 the incidence and role of actinomyces in recurrent acute. Thoracic actinomycosis can have variety of radiographic presentations which can also depend on time since infection. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about. Actinomycosis is a longterm infection that causes sores, or abscesses, in the bodys soft tissues. Actinomycosis is a polymicrobial infection that occurs extremely rare in humans and more often in animals. While it is rare in general, the thoracic form actinomycosis constitutes. Pulmonary actinomycosis can also be detected in children without any risk factor for the disease, and the most common presentation is a chest. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
Lord1 was able to find only 65 cases in 122,408 admissions to the massachusetts general hospital while sanford and voelker,2 in 1925, were able to collect statistics on 670 cases in the united states. Actinomyces are very closely related to nocardia species. Based on the anatomic site of lesions four clinical forms of actinomycosis are recognized. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience.
Pulmonary actinomycosis with endobronchial involvement. Betalactam penicillintype antibiotics are frequently prescribed, but other antibiotics have also proved effective and may be recommended by your vet. Bacterial infection actinomycosis in dogs symptoms. Causative microorganisms are generally of low pathogenicity and cause disease only in the setting of antecedent tissue injury. Xray chest showed a right lower lobe consolidation. The continued development of advanced molecular methods has led to the identification of additional actinomyces species isolated from human material, with a total of 25 actinomyces and actinomyces. All three patients were diagnosed by means of histopathologic examination only. Pulmonary actinomycosis constitutes 15% of the total burden of disease, although estimates up to 50% have been reported 1, 5. The presentation of pulmonary actinomycosis has also changed ant it now appears less aggressive in nature compared with the preantibiotic era 5, 6. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging.
Actinomycosis is a rare chronic disease caused by actinomyces spp. Of note, both mycobacteria and nocardia species also belong to the same order, and infections caused by these microbes may at times be difficult to distinguish from actinomyces 3. It is usually seen in immunocompetent patients with respiratory disorders, poor oral hygiene, alcoholism and chronic debilitating diseases. Actinomycosis infectious diseases msd manual professional. Jun 17, 2016 actinomycosis is a rare heterogeneous anaerobic infection with misleading clinical presentations that delay diagnosis.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cervicofacial actinomycosis is an uncommon but fascinating infection of the head and neck. Source, identification, and their applications mukesh sharma, pinki dangi and meenakshi choudhary department of biotechnology, jaipur institute of biotechnology, maharaj vinayak global university, jaipur rajasthan india corresponding author a b s t r a c t production of primary and secondary metabolites int. The mycelium in some species may break apart to form rod or coccoidshaped forms.
Actinomycosis with tonsillar diseases and its clinical. This disease may present as chronic debilitating illness with radiographic manifestation simulating lung tumor, pulmonary infiltrating lesion, or chronic suppuration. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their. Most patients may initially experience a non productive cough and lowgrade fever, but pulmonary complaints can be minimal. The onset of the disease is gradual, with weakness, loss of strength and weight, and with the later appearance of productive cough. The characteristic signs include localized swelling with suppuration, fibrosis, and formation of abscesses as well as sinus draining of pus that contains sulfur granules. Bhargava d, bhusnurmath b, sundaram kr, raman r, al okbi hm, et al. What is actinomyctes grampositive, pleomorphic nonsporeforming, nonacidfast anaerobic or microaerophilic bacilli of the genus actinomyctes and the order actinomycetales cause actinomycosis.
During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel actinomyces species have been described. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease caused by actinomyces sp. Treatment of bacterial infection actinomycosis in dogs actinomycosis is treated with a systemic antibiotic for a minimum of four to six weeks. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by actinomyces. Actinomyces and nocardia are grampositive rods characterized by filamentous, treelike branching growth, which has caused them to be confused with fungi in the past. Assessment possible actinomycosis in a woman using an iud. Oct 10, 2019 actinomycosis is a subacutetochronic bacterial infection caused by filamentous, grampositive, nonacidfast, anaerobictomicroaerophilic bacteria. Actinomycosis form indurated masses with fibrous walls and central loculations with pus pus contains sulfur granules gritty, yellow white average diameter 2mm composed of mineralized mycelial mass chronic infection form burrowing sinus tracts to skin or mucus membranes discharge purulent material.
Esophageal actinomycoses mimicking malignancy the annals. Actinomycosis is a subacutetochronic bacterial infection caused by filamentous, grampositive, nonacidfast, anaerobictomicroaerophilic bacteria. To date, multiple different clinical features of actinomycosis have been. Russo, in mandell, douglas, and bennetts principles and practice of infectious diseases eighth edition, 2015. The infectious bacterial disease, when it affects humans, can range from subacute to chronic.
To order presentationready copies for distribution to your. However, they have been diagnosed more frequently in the last ten years. Ppt actinomycetesactinomyces kadek sumadewi academia. Diagnosis is by the typical appearance plus laboratory identification. Infection can also be caused by other actinomyces species, as well as propionibacterium propionicus, which presents similar symptoms.
Pdf actinomycosis is a rare chronic disease caused by actinomyces spp. It is characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation, and formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may discharge sulfur granules. Actinomycosis definition is infection with or disease caused by actinomyces. Actinomyces are nonsporeforming, strict or facultative anaerobes with a variable cellular morphology, ranging from diphtheroidal to coccoid filaments picture 1. Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. Preoperative esophagogastroscopic biopsy revealed purulent material, but was inconclusive. The topic actinomycosis of appendix you are seeking is a synonym, or alternative name, or is closely related to the medical condition digestive tract actinomycosis. It can also be caused by propionibacterium propionicusdr. Because of the bacterias normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis. A clinical diagnosis of severe communityacquired pneumonia was made for which he required antibiotics, noninvasive ventilatory support and admission to intensive care for a week. We illustrate the radiological manifestations of thoracic actinomycoses in various involved areas in the thorax. If signs of iodine toxicity develop eg, dandruff, diarrhea, anorexia, coughing, and excessive lacrimation, iodine administration should be discontinued or.
Actinomycosis is a rare infection, especially in the united states. Actinomyces israelii is the major human pathogen 1,2. More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of actinomycosis is available below. Cervicofacial actinomycosis is caused by branching grampositive bacteria belonging to the order actinomycetales, family actinomycetaceae, genus actinomyces. They are opportunists that can sometimes produce indolent, slowly progressive diseases. Actinomycosis is a longterm chronic bacterial infection that commonly affects the face and neck. Actinomycosis free download as powerpoint presentation. We present a case of esophageal actinomycosis in a 55year old woman that mimicked malignancy. Oct 11, 2011 actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, and slowly progressive granulomatous disease caused by filamentous gram positive anaerobic bacteria from the actinomycetaceae family genus actinomyces. Actinomycosis symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. The patient presented with dysphagia and weight loss. A significant number of misdiagnosed cases have been reported in specific localizations, but studies including various forms of actinomycosis have rarely been published.
They belong to the order of actinomycetales, family actinomycetaceae, genus actinomyces. Actinomyces and nocardia sherris medical microbiology. Actinomycosis was originally described in 1878 by israel and later by wolfe, who isolated the causative organism and defined its anaerobic nature. Actinomycosis is caused by anaerobic bacteria and rarely affects the esophagus. A viscosus can also cause pneumonia, pyothorax, and rarely. Physicians must be aware of typical clinical presentations such as cervicofacial actinomycosis following dental focus of infection, pelvic actinomycosis in women with an intrauterine device, and pulmonary actinomycosis in smokers with poor dental hygiene, but also that actinomycosis may mimic the malignancy process in. Actinomycosis oxford academic journals oxford university press. A related genus, streptomyces, is of medical importance as a producer of many antibiotics, but it rarely causes infections.
Actinomycetes are filamentous gram positive bacilli and some of them are acid fast. Summary of shortterm treatment of actinomycosis reported in the literature. Actinomycosis is a rare and chronic infection, caused predominantly by the bacterium actinomyces israelii and to a lesser extent by other actinomyces species. A 65 yearold man with diabetes presented with a brief febrile illness, extreme debility and respiratory distress.
Sodium iodide is the treatment of choice in ruminant actinomycosis. If any evidence of abscesses is present or if patient symptomatic and you are unable to rule out abscesses on exam, refer to er for possible hospitalization and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Intraabdominal and extraperitoneal actinomycosis are rare infections, caused by different actinomyces species. From 1984 to 1990, we experienced 17 cases of thoracic actinomycosis. Actinomycosis has a worldwide distribution, affects mostly middleaged individuals, and is two to four times more common in men 24. Diabetes mellitus, longterm use of steroids, nutritional deficiency or an immunosuppressed. Mandibular actinomycosis ma is an uncommon disease caused by actinomyces israelii.
Over time, it can result in linked abscesses, pain, and inflammation. Chronic tonsillitis, mastoiditis, and otitis are also important risk factors for actinomycosis. The superficial variety of actinomycosis occurs more commonly than is usually supposed. Conclusions human actinomycosis appears to be invariably an infection with the nonacidfast anaerobic streptothrix a. It can pass through damaged body tissues inside the body, leading to swelling, inflammation, and multiple. Endoscopic ultrasonography suggested esophageal cancer, and chest computed.
Spread to the pleura and chest wall may result in chest wall pain. It can be very serious but can usually be cured with antibiotics. In 1948, on the basis of their experience with 46 patients with actinomycosis, nichols and herrell 8 concluded that a dosage of at least 500,000 u of penicillin daily administered intramuscularly or intravenously for a period of 6 weeks appears to achieve the. Actinomycosis is a chronic disease characterized by abscess appear as. The disease is characterized by the development of multiple abscesses painful, hard, pusfilled swellings and draining sinus tracts channels that extend from the site of infection to an opening at the skin surface, which exude. The causal relationship between actinomycetes and taste and odour problems is thus presumptive until confirmed izaguirre and devall, 1995. Findings are a local abscess with multiple draining sinuses, a tuberculosislike pneumonitis, and lowgrade systemic symptoms.
Pulmonary actinomycosis may closely simulate pulmonary tuberculosis in its clinical manifestations. Within diseased tissues the actinomycetes form large masses of mycelia embedded in an amorphous proteinpolysaccharide matrix and surrounded by a zone of gramnegative, weakly acidfast. Jun 10, 2012 actinomycosis actinomycosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by actinomyces species such as actinomyces israelii or a. Actinomycosis is a type of bacterial infectious disease that is quite uncommon. Actinomycotic infection in man is comparatively rare. Treatment starts off in hospital with antibiotics given directly into a vein intravenously. Actinomycosis rarely appears elsewhere in the body. Actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic granulomatous disease caused by filamentous, grampositive, anaerobic bacteria. Ppt actinomycetes powerpoint presentation free to view. The most common sites for abscesses are the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen. Its symptoms and radiological findings are not characteristic, so the diagnosis might be difficult to establish.
Sep 25, 2018 actinomycosis is a rare, infectious disease in which bacteria spread from one part of the body to another through body tissues. Disruption of mucosa may lead to infection of virtually any site. Actinomycotic infection is uncommon and primary actinomycosis of the lung and chest wall has been less frequently reported. They exist naturally in the mucous lining of the nose, throat, mouth, digestive tract, and female reproductive tract, and are not normally harmful. Rao md having a dental disease or recent dental surgery for jaw abscess aspiration liquids or solids are sucked into lungs for lung abscess having bowel surgery for abdominal abscess swallowing fragments of chicken or other bones for abdominal abscess for women.
In 12,000 consecutive autopsies3 at johns hopkins hospital, only eight of the deaths were found to be due to actinomycosis and of these only. It is a grampositive, anaerobic bacteria, and propagates in an anaerobic environment. Actinomycosis is a common disease in the oral cavity. Digestive tract actinomycosis is a rare, chronic bacterial infection of the abdominal wall andor organs of the digestive tract, caused predominantly by the bacterium. In cervicofacial cases, before the formation of pus, trismus is the most important sign. Actinomycosis v k wong,1 t d turmezei,2 v c weston1 actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, and slowly progressive granulomatous disease caused by filamentous gram posi tive anaerobic bacteria from the actinomycetaceae family genus actinomyces. Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria, primarily from the genus actinomyces, which normally colonize the mouth, colon, and vagina. Actinomycosis, chronic bacterial infection of humans and cattle that is caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic oxygenrequiring species of the genus actinomyces. Actinomyces is a normal flora actinomyces species that cause human disease are not found in nature but are normal flora of the oropharynx, gi tract, and female genital tract.
Sodium iodide 70 mgkg of a 10%20% solution, iv is given once and repeated several times at 7 to 10day intervals. When youre well enough to go home, youll be given tablets. It has different clinical forms, including the one affecting. Jul 05, 2014 actinomycosis is an infrequent invasive bacterial disease that has been recognized for over a century. Dec 15, 2012 thoracic actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by actinomyces species, especially actinomyces israelii. Actinomycosis is a rare and potentially serious type of infectious bacterial disease. Actinomyces are anaerobic, while nocardia and streptomyces are aerobic.
Actinomycosis is caused by filamentous, grampositive, nonacidfast, nonsporeforming bacteria. Since the infection spreads so slowly, actinomycosis was first thought to be a fungal infection. Nocardia stain partially acidfast, actinomyces and streptomyces are not acidfast. Thoracic actinomycosis infection radiology reference. Actinomycosis pictures, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment.
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